EMDEs

The Middle East conflict delivered one of the biggest disruptions to global oil supplies in decades. The disruption of oil shipments through the Strait of Hormuz earlier this year briefly …

Commodity booms are easy to celebrate but hard to manage. For resource-rich economies, commodity windfalls—if managed well—can finance investment, strengthen public finances and lift growth (Figure 1A). Poorly managed, they …

For much of the global economy, the pandemic recession is over. In many fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS), however, it never truly ended. Now, conflict in the Middle East has unleashed a …